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UPSC Mains 2026 GS 1 Question Paper (General Studies I)

All 20 questions from the UPSC Civil Services Mains 2026 General Studies I paper, transcribed from the official question paper and tagged by syllabus topic. Format: 150 words (Q1–10, 10 marks) · 250 words (Q11–20, 15 marks). Download the original question paper PDF.

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Q1 Indian Culture & Heritage · 10 marks

Analyze the importance of Ashokan inscriptions for reconstructing Mauryan history.

Q2 Modern Indian History · 10 marks

Discuss the impact of Macaulay's Minute on colonial administration and education in India.

Q3 Freedom Struggle · 10 marks

The significance of the Gandhian movements lay in the masses they mobilized. Elucidate.

Q4 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 10 marks

What is the Fujiwhara effect? Explain its impact on the movement and intensity of tropical cyclones.

Q5 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 10 marks

“Tundra regions are ecologically fragile but economically important.” Examine this statement critically.

Q6 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 10 marks

Discuss the role of aeolian processes in desertification and land degradation.

Q7 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 10 marks

“Water resources are both an asset and a source of conflict in South Asia.” Examine this statement giving examples.

Q8 Indian Society · 10 marks

Unity in diversity remains the defining feature of Indian society despite the challenges from communalism and regionalism. Comment.

Q9 Indian Society · 10 marks

How do you understand disability? Substantiate the need for inclusive policy framework in India in this regard.

Q10 Indian Society · 10 marks

Do you think digital technology promotes social empowerment? Explain with examples.

Q11 Indian Culture & Heritage · 15 marks

Vijayanagara architecture exemplifies the amalgamation of past traditions with contemporary practices. Elucidate with examples.

Q12 Post-Independence Consolidation · 15 marks

Linguistic reorganization of Indian States was driven by popular pressure from below. Comment.

Q13 Post-Independence Consolidation · 15 marks

The model of planned economy was adopted in India to address the regional imbalances left behind by colonial rule. Comment.

Q14 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 15 marks

Compare the Loo, Chinook and Foehn winds with respect to their regions of prevalence, their nature and climatic impacts.

Q15 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 15 marks

Analyze the role of satellite-based technologies in achieving climate-smart agriculture and food security in India.

Q16 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 15 marks

“The centre of global trade is gradually shifting from the Atlantic region to the Indo-Pacific region.” Examine this statement.

Q17 Geography (Physical, Resources & Phenomena) · 15 marks

Analyze the major drivers of human-induced land-use changes in India and their geographical consequences.

Q18 Indian Society · 15 marks

Is caste disappearing in urban India? Illustrate your answer with examples.

Q19 Women, Population & Urbanization · 15 marks

Critically examine the challenges of demographic transition in contemporary India.

Q20 Globalization · 15 marks

Evaluate the impact of globalization on Indian youths with reference to social, political, economic and cultural spheres.

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